Did Monks in the Middle Ages Brew Beer and Ale?

The role of monks during the Middle Ages extended beyond religious duties and included various practical tasks, such as brewing beer and ale. The brewing of these fermented beverages was not exclusive to monks, as many people, including lay brothers, engaged in this activity. However, monks often played a crucial role in overseeing the process and ensuring the quality of the beer produced.

Monks and Brewing in the Middle Ages

During the Middle Ages, the brewing of beer and ale was a common practice, and it served as a vital source of clean and safe drinking water. Since there was no licensing authority at the time, practically everyone consumed beer or ale, making it a staple part of the diet for many. Whether from farms, abbeys, inns, or manor houses, brewhouses could be found on virtually every property of any significance, ranging from royal palaces to humble homes.

The brewing process was an essential skill that evolved over time. While some brewers, including monks, became highly proficient in crafting a drink that was palatable and even enjoyable, others produced beer that lacked taste and quality. It was even said that some beer tasted as bad as "cat's piss," but it was still preferable to the risks of drinking contaminated water, which could lead to diseases like cholera. As a result, beer and ale became an integral part of daily life, providing not only hydration but also a necessary source of calories for those engaged in manual labor.

Monastic Beer in England

While the specific practices varied across different regions, in England, monks were actively involved in brewing. This practice was not limited to monks alone but was a widespread activity among individuals who had the means to consume it. Beer provided a significant source of calories and nutrients, which were crucial for the daily work of farmworkers, who often expended around 8,000 calories per day. It is estimated that between 50% to 67% of the daily caloric intake for farmworkers came from beer, highlighting its importance in their diet.

Interestingly, the tradition of monastic brewing has continued to this day in some parts of the world, such as Belgium. This modern extension of the medieval practice showcases the enduring legacy and cultural significance of monastic beer in religious and secular contexts.