Why is Turkey the Name of Both a Country and Thanksgiving Food?
The name "turkey" has a peculiar history, connecting both a specific country and a traditional Thanksgiving dish. This article explores how the name became associated with both, providing a fascinating insight into cultural and linguistic developments over centuries.
The Evolution of Naming Turkeys
It all began in the 1500s when Spain introduced domesticated turkeys to Europe. According to records, they were originally brought to Europe via a route that included a stop in India. It is believed that the turkeys were given to the Turks, who later brought them to the West.
When the English poet Thomas Cogan saw a turkey in 1566, he referred to it as the "Turkish fowl." However, the exact reason for this name is disputed. Some historians believe it was named after the bird's resemblance to another bird known as "turkey-cock" and "turkey-hen" which were imported through the Turkish region.
Turkey or the Country
The name "Turkey" as a country is derived from the Romanized form of Turkish names such as Turkia. The word is rooted in the Middle French word "Turquie," which in turn came from the Latin "Turchia." In English, the spelling was simplified to "Turkey," which refers to the nation located in Eastern Europe and Western Asia.
How Turkeys Became the Symbol of Thanksgiving
When European explorers discovered the Americas in the early 17th century, they noted the presence of large birds they found there, which they called "turkey birds." John Smith, a famous sea captain, mentioned that these birds reminded him of those he had seen in Turkey when a prisoner of an Ottoman sultan. This led to the common practice of calling turkeys by this name.
It's important to note that John Smith was noted for his exaggerations and lies, and much of his storytelling is not to be taken at face value. However, the story of the wild turkeys in North America during the American colonial period is well-documented. By the time of the first thanksgiving feast in New England, wild turkeys were plentiful in the region, making them a logical and popular choice for the meal.
Wild Turkeys in New England
My own experience living in New England highlights the abundance of wild turkeys in the area. Nearly every day, I see flocks of turkeys in my yard or encounter them while driving. They are a common sight, and their presence doesn't go unnoticed. This availability made them a perfect choice for the first thanksgiving feast and continues to be a beloved tradition in American cuisine.
Conclusion
The name 'turkey' thus represents both a bird and a country, reflecting a complex history of language, exploration, and cultural exchange. Whether you are enjoying a turkey sandwich or a turkey on Thanksgiving, take a moment to appreciate the rich layers of meaning behind this name.