Why Real Bomb Squads Prefer Human Intervention to Robots and Explosive Disposal

The decision to send bomb squad personnel into a situation to defuse a bomb rather than relying solely on robots or controlled explosions depends on several factors. This comprehensive guide explores the reasoning behind using human bomb disposal teams and examines the limitations of robots, the advantages of controlled explosions, and other key considerations.

Factors Influencing Choice of Bomb Disposal Method

When dealing with explosive devices, the choice between using robots, controlled explosions, or human intervention is determined by the complexity of the device, the limitations of robotic technology, the assessment of the threat, training and experience, and legal and procedural considerations.

Complexity of the Device

Some explosive devices have intricate mechanisms that require human expertise to understand and safely disarm. Trained personnel can assess the situation and make real-time decisions based on their extensive training and experience. Simple tasks like cutting wires or manipulating components often require fine motor skills, which may be beyond the capabilities of current robotic technology.

Limitations of Robots

While robots are increasingly used in bomb disposal, they have inherent limitations in dexterity and sensory feedback. They may struggle with tasks that involve precise manipulation, such as disarming a device. In some cases, a robot’s mobility and stability may not be optimal, leading to inefficiencies in defusing a bomb.

Controlled Explosions

A controlled detonation is often used when a device cannot be disarmed safely. However, this method can cause collateral damage and pose risks to nearby people and property. If the bomb is in a populated area or near sensitive infrastructure, defusing it on-site may be the safer option. Controlled explosions are typically used when there is no other viable method to neutralize the threat.

Assessment of Threat

Bomb squads often evaluate the threat level and potential consequences of an explosion. If the device is deemed unstable or if there are people at risk, they may opt for a more cautious approach that involves human intervention. This is especially true in areas with high population density or where sensitive infrastructure is present.

Training and Experience

Bomb technicians receive extensive training in recognizing various types of explosives and their characteristics. Their expertise allows them to make informed decisions about the safest way to handle a device. Human operators can adapt to different situations and make critical decisions that robotic systems may not be capable of.

Legal and Procedural Considerations

There may be legal protocols or standard operating procedures that dictate the response to explosive threats, which might require human intervention as part of an established response plan.

A Military Perspective on Bomb Disposal

In a military context, bomb disposal robots (BDRs) are not the primary tool for bomb disposal. They are more commonly used in civilian settings where the type of explosive device is unclear, like a closed suitcase or a zipped duffel bag. Defusing a bomb is relatively uncommon in a military environment, with a primary objective usually being to remove the threat by rendering the device inoperable or setting it off under controlled circumstances.

Common Render Safe Procedures (RSPs)

In a military setting, RSPs typically involve:

Rendering the device inoperable: This can be achieved by damaging the device in some way, such as using a Barrett M82 rifle with an explosive round or physically destroying the device with tools like a crane or a hammer. Setting off the device as intended but under controlled circumstances: This can be done by activating trip wires or pressure release switches from a safe distance using tools like a hook and line. Applying special tools and explosive charges: This involves using technical means to achieve a high or low-order detonation, which is somewhat related to the first two options.

A BDR, although capable of providing valuable visuals and mechanical operations, often adds unnecessary complexity to an already challenging situation. In a combat environment, experienced operators may find that the use of a BDR can complicate matters due to their size, limited mobility, and potential for interference with tactical operations.

Utility of Bomb Disposal Robots

BDRs are most effective in civilian settings and in urban environments where a clear understanding of the device is lacking and time is not a critical factor. In a combat setting, the use of a BDR is often less effective due to its size, the need for quick decision-making, and the availability of experienced human operators.

For example, the Danish Army uses a Barrett M82 rifle to render a device inoperable from a safe distance. Similarly, a small device like a hammer or crane can be used to physically destroy the device. A BDR might provide visuals and a mechanical arm, but in many cases, these features might be redundant or impractical.

Infantry-carried BDRs like the Dragon Runner are useful for providing visuals of the site and the device, but their mechanical capabilities are often unnecessary. The primary use of a BDR in such a situation would be to confirm the presence of the device and provide a visual aid, rather than to manipulate or destroy it.

The utility of a BDR can be significant in certain situations, such as when:

The device is in a location with strict operational security measures that need to be maintained. The task requires actions that a human operator cannot perform with the necessary safety precautions.

In summary, the choice between using robots, controlled explosions, or human intervention in bomb disposal is a complex decision influenced by the specific circumstances and risks involved. While robots and controlled explosions have their advantages, human expertise often provides the most reliable and effective solution in real-world scenarios.