Why Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia Initially Were Not Invited to Join the Schengen Area
Many people often confuse the geographical distinctions between Eastern and Central Europe, but it's crucial to understand the regional categorization in the context of the Schengen Agreement. Although countries like Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia are often grouped into Eastern Europe, they are actually classified as part of Central Europe. This article delves into the reasons why these countries were not initially invited to join the Schengen area, and how they ultimately achieved Schengen membership through meeting certain conditions.
Geographical and Political Context
Central Europe, as a region, includes countries that have robust historical ties with Western Europe but were previously under different governance. Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia were part of the Iron Curtain until the fall of communism and the dissolution of the Soviet Union. As such, these countries needed time to align themselves with Western European standards and requirements.
The Schengen Agreement
The Schengen Agreement, signed in 1995, aimed to create a borderless area within the European Union (EU) for the free movement of people. Initially, the agreement was signed by several EU member states without mentioning explicit opt-outs. However, some countries did opt out, enabling them to maintain control over their internal borders. Other countries, such as Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia, joined the EU later and were not immediately invited to join the Schengen area.
Conditions for Schengen Membership
For countries to join the Schengen area, they must fulfill a series of conditions, primarily related to political stability and the effectiveness of their border control systems. The EU member states with veto power over the Schengen area can reject the inclusion of new members if they are not deemed ready.
Key Factors for Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia
1. Political Stability and Economic Development: Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia had to demonstrate significant political stability and economic progress. The transition from communist to democratic and capitalist systems required substantial reforms that took several years to implement.
2. Border Control and Visa Rules: These countries had to implement and maintain strict border control measures and comply with EU visa policies to ensure they could manage potential influxes of illegal immigrants and maintain public security.
3. Adherence to Schengen Requirements: To join the Schengen area, these countries had to align their national laws and regulations with the Schengen acquis, the body of EU law governing the Schengen area. This included measures related to asylum, border control, and data protection.
The Process of Joining the Schengen Area
The countries began the process of joining the Schengen area after gaining EU membership. They had to prepare detailed reports and undergo scrutiny from the EU. Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia made significant progress and were eventually granted Schengen membership. As a result, these countries now enjoy visa-free travel within the Schengen area, enhancing their economic and cultural connections with Western Europe.
Conclusion
The initial reluctance to invite Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia to join the Schengen area was driven by the need to ensure rigorous adherence to Schengen rules. However, through reforms and cooperation, these countries have successfully met the necessary conditions, thereby contributing to the integration of Central Europe into the broader European framework.