Why Adi Shankaracharya Was Not Against Buddhism but Instead Revitalized It

Adi Shankaracharya, the revered 8th-century philosopher and a towering figure in the Hindu tradition, is often misunderstood in his relationship with Buddhism. Many believe that he opposed Buddhism due to his support for animal sacrifices in Yajna rituals. However, the truth is far more nuanced.

Adi Shankaracharya and the Vedas

According to Adi Shankaracharya, the Vedas, the ancient scriptural texts of Hinduism, advocate for the practice of Yajna, which sometimes includes animal sacrifices. This stance contrasts with that of Buddhist leaders like Mahavira and Gautam Buddha, who insisted on non-violence and the ethical treatment of all living beings.

However, this difference in perspective should not be interpreted as a direct opposition from Adi Shankaracharya. Instead, it reflects the cultural and religious practices of the time, where such practices were deeply ingrained in society.

Adi Shankaracharya's Role in Revitalizing Hinduism

Adi Shankaracharya's primary mission was to revitalize and promote Hinduism by restoring its spiritual and philosophical framework. He recognized the importance of adapting certain aspects of Buddhist philosophy to integrate them with the broader Hindu tradition. Through his works and teachings, he aimed to synthesize Hindu and Buddhist ideas to create a more inclusive and comprehensive spiritual path.

A notable example is his belief that Gautama Buddha was one of the incarnation of Vishnu. This view helped many Buddhists see the potential for a harmonious coexistence within the Hindu fold. Adi Shankaracharya's Gaudapada Karika, a commentary on the Mandukya Upanishad, draws heavily on Buddhist terminology and concepts, demonstrating his ability to reconcile the two traditions.

Spiritual Depth and Moksha

Moksha, or spiritual liberation, is a central concept in Hinduism, attainable through devotion, knowledge, and self-realization. In contrast, early Buddhism emphasized ethical living and mindfulness without necessarily leading directly to spiritual liberation in the context of a supreme being. Adi Shankaracharya emphasized the importance of Prakriti, or nature, along with Meditation, Chanting, Bhakti, or devotion, in achieving Moksha. He argued that a complete spiritual path must include both physical and mental practices.

Adi Shankaracharya's work was crucial in the revival of Vedic heritage. He recognized that without his efforts, Hinduism might have become obsolete, much like the ancient Mayan civilization. His concise and powerful teachings within a relatively short period helped redefine Hinduism's place in the world.

Conclusion: Revitalization, Not Opposition

Adi Shankaracharya was not against Buddhism in the sense of opposing it. Rather, he sought to revitalize and satellize Hinduism by appropriating some of Buddhism's core principles. His synthesis of Hindu and Buddhist ideas created a more robust and adaptable spiritual framework, preserving the essential values and practices of Hindu tradition for future generations.

In short, Adi Shankaracharya's contributions were instrumental in maintaining and enhancing the spiritual core of Hinduism, making it a dynamic and resilient tradition that continues to thrive to this day.