Were African American Soldiers Treated Unfairly in the Army During World War II?
The treatment of African American soldiers during World War II was a significant issue, often parallel to the broader racial injustices they faced across the United States. Although we've made considerable progress, it's crucial to revisit this period and understand the challenges they overcame.
Conditions in the Army
The treatment of African American soldiers by white officers in U.S. army bases during World War II was deplorable. Descriptions of being in slave-like conditions and being treated like animals were common. They were frequently subjected to racial epithets and lacked the basic respect afforded to them as soldiers and human beings.
Legends of Discrimination
The film “Red Tails” depicts the harsh reality: African American soldiers were indeed treated unfairly at the beginning of WWII. However, as their performance improved, so did the respect they received. This highlights the complex relationship between racial discrimination and military service.
Interwar Period
Between World War I and World War II, the climate for African Americans grew increasingly negative. An unfair arrest in a Southern town almost led to civil war, illustrating the deep-seated tensions of the time. This period required African Americans to continually prove their skill and heroism, as was the case during World War II.
The Incident
An incident involving a black American’s arrest is a stark reminder of the injustices faced. The details of whether he was guilty, punished, or even tried were not fully documented. What is clear is that the arrest was followed by a significant armed confrontation, overshadowing the outcome of the arrest itself.
Military Integration
The treatment of African American soldiers was not unique during World War II. Both African Americans and Asian Americans faced significant disparities across the U.S. military. It wasn't until President Harry Truman issued an Executive Order 9981 in 1948 that segregation in the military was officially eliminated. However, similar injustices persisted in civilian life.
Notably, some Japanese-Americans were interned in concentration camps during WWII, an injustice that continues to haunt us. Additionally, the high rates of African American deaths during the war, which may be attributed to mental health standards and the sheer numbers inducted, suggest a broader societal issue. The high ratio of "less sane" individuals may have led to irrational actions, reflecting a deeper societal problem.
Contemporary Views
While we have made significant strides, there is still much room for improvement. Instead of dividing sentiments, we should embrace the idea of 'America love it, improve it.' This encouragement focuses on continual growth rather than polarizing attitudes or the 'leave America or change it' mentality.
It's also important to note that certain military installations, like Fort Dix and Fort Lewis in the 1970s, recognized the need for protecting mixed-race marriages due to local hostility. This underscores the lasting impact of racial discrimination even in the early part of the 20th century.
By reflecting on this period and the progress made, we can better understand the challenges faced by African American soldiers and continue to work towards a more equitable and inclusive society.