Understanding Bordeaux Wines: The Grand Cru and Grand Cru Classe Classification
Bordeaux is renowned for its production of high-quality wines, particularly red and white varieties. These wines are often distinguished by their classification, which helps consumers understand the quality and heritage of the wine. This article offers an in-depth look at the classifications that determine when Bordeaux wines are considered Grand Cru or Grand Cru Classe.
The 1855 Classification
The 1855 Classification is one of the most famous and respected wine classifications in Bordeaux. This system, originally conceived for the Exposition Universelle in Paris, assesses the quality of Bordeaux's top chateaux based on a five-tier system. The classification ranges from 1er Grand Cru Classé to 5ème Grand Cru Classé, each category providing a clear indication of the wine's prestige and value.
The 1855 classification also applies to the white wines produced in Sauternes et Barsac. Here, the division is simpler, with two categories: 1er Cru and 2ème Cru. However, one exceptional wine, Chateau d'Yquem, stands out as a 1er Cru Supérieur, sitting above the regular 1er Cru classification.
The 1959 Graves Classification
The Graves region, another important production area in Bordeaux, saw its own classification in 1959. This classification is more straightforward, designating only one category of Grand Cru Classé de Graves. Interestingly, despite the Graves appellation, all Grand Cru Classé de Graves wines are produced within the AOC Pessac-Léognan, a sub-appellation in Graves.
The Médoc Cru Bourgeois Classification
The Médoc Cru Bourgeois Classification, established in 1932, plays a crucial role in recognizing the quality of wines from 8 designated appellations that do not fall under the 1855 classification. This system has undergone revisions in 2003, 2007, and 2009, and has been instrumental in promoting wines that offer good value for money. Cru Bourgeois wines are known for their balanced quality and price ratios, making them a popular choice for consumers.
The St-émilion Classification
The St-émilion Classification, introduced in 1955 and refined in 1996, 2006, and 2012, recognizes two main categories: Premier Grand Cru Classé and Grand Cru Classé. The Premier Grand Cru Classé is further divided into two ranks: Premier Grand Cru Classé A and Premier Grand Cru Classé B. This system provides a nuanced distinction between the top-tier producers in St-émilion.
The exact lists of wines from each classification and category can be found on various reliable sources online, including the official websites of the Bordeaux Wine Council and the UMC.
Conclusion
Understanding the classifications of Bordeaux wines is essential for both collectors and enthusiasts. Whether it's the prestigious 1855 Classification, the 1959 Graves Classification, the Médoc Cru Bourgeois Classification, or the nuanced St-émilion Classification, each category offers a clear indication of the wine's quality and heritage. These classifications help ensure that consumers can make informed choices and appreciate the rich history and craftsmanship behind each bottle.