The Realities of Bomb Disposal: Methods and Procedures
As a former EOD (Explosive Ordnance Disposal) technician, my experience with bomb disposal operations is vital to understanding the complexity and nuances of this hazardous profession. The techniques employed by bomb squads are often misunderstood and romanticized in popular media. Let's delve into the actual procedures, risks, and methods used in bomb disposal.
The Evolution of Bomb Disarming Techniques
The old NPR/BBC series UXB provided a graphic description of a vicious cycle in bomb disposal wherein British bomb techs would expertly defuse a German bomb and then detail their methods to inform German spies. Subsequently, the Germans would attempt a similar defusion attempt, only to trigger the bomb instead. This highlights the importance of unique and secure methods employed by bomb squads.
Remember, in the real world, the terrorist watch is a constant threat, and the risks are very real.
Procedures and Techniques
When faced with a bomb, bomb squads prioritize the safety of structures and personnel.
Blow In Place
The first choice, when no structures or personnel are at risk, is to conduct a blow in place (BIP) operation. This involves setting off the bomb in place, minimizing the spread of shrapnel and avoiding potential secondary issues. This method is often chosen based on the bomb's location and the surrounding environment.
Render Safe Operation
If the fuze is common and well understood, the second choice is a render safe operation. This involves carefully removing the fuze and safely transporting the bomb to a disposal site. While this is a less dangerous method compared to disassembly, it still requires meticulous precision and thorough safety measures.
Disassembly and Mechanical Shattering
The third choice is the disassembly or mechanical shattering of the bomb. This method is used when the fuze is unusual or difficult to access. Disassembly involves cutting holes in the bomb casing to separate the fuze and main charge, while mechanical shattering uses explosives to separate these components. This technique is riskier because the area around the bomb becomes much larger and more undefined, requiring extra caution.
For example, during a training exercise, an attempt to cut a bomb in half resulted in half of it flying half a mile over the Potomac River. The event was filled with excitement and relief when everyone safely returned to base, but the demonstration range operations had to be concluded. Such incidents underscore the delicate and high-stress nature of bomb disposal operations.
The Controlled Explosion Method
The most common method involves a controlled explosion. The bomb is first visually inspected, and X-Rays and other technologies are used to examine its structure. The timer, trigger, and detonator are located.
A small, tightly focused explosion is then initiated. This controlled explosion is designed to destroy the bomb's trigger and detonation system, rendering the bomb inert. The speed of the explosion is such that the detonator cannot function quickly enough to trigger the main charge.
The now inert bomb is then removed for forensic examination. This process involves analyzing all the shattered components of the trigger mechanism. DNA, fingerprints, and other forensic evidence are collected from the bomb, and the origins of all components are traced. The construction and assembly techniques of the bomb are meticulously recorded, as this information allows law enforcement to identify the bomber, the maker of the bomb, and trail everyone involved in the procurement of the components.
Disarming Myths vs. Reality
Contrary to popular belief, bombs are hardly ever defused by simply cutting wires. Most reasonably well-made bombs are equipped with anti-handling circuits that trigger the bomb if any wire is cut. This misconception has led to sensationalized depictions in movies and media, but in reality, bomb disposal is a highly specialized and complex process that demands precision and expertise.
Conclusion
Bomb disposal is a critical and often underappreciated field. The procedures and techniques employed by bomb squads are designed to minimize risks and ensure the safety of personnel and property. Understanding these methods and the challenges faced by bomb disposal teams is crucial in appreciating the professionalism and dedication required in this high-stakes profession.