The Origins and Evolution of the Term 'Biksy'
The term "biksy" has a rich history that spans multiple centuries, from ancient proverbs to modern warfare. This article explores the origins and evolution of this intriguing phrase, tracing its first usage and its reappearances throughout various conflicts.
Definition and Usage
The term "biksy" is often used to describe the British Army, particularly during their involvement in the Crimean War. The origins of the phrase are shrouded in history, with variations rooted in both ancient proverbs and contemporary military literature. It has been coined by various individuals and has appeared in different contexts, including descriptions of the French Army in the Franco-Prussian War and various armies in World War I.
First Written Usage: The Crimean War (1854-1856)
The earliest written usage of the term "biksy" can be traced back to an article published in the Newe Oder-Zeitung on October 1, 1855. This article, authored by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, criticized the British attack on Sevastopol during the Crimean War. The phrase appears to have been coined by a Russian officer to describe the British soldiers' behavior and demeanor on the battlefield.
Ancient Roots and Propagation
The origins of the term "biksy" can be traced to even earlier times. According to historical records, an ancient Arabic proverb suggests that the phrase may have roots going back as far as 1854. Furthermore, Plutarch attributed a similar saying to Chabrias, a prominent figure in ancient Greece, which would imply that the term predates modern usage significantly.
Usage in the Crimean War
During the Crimean War, a British soldier reportedly quoted a Russian officer who had described the British soldiers as "biksy" while writing a letter home. One interpretation of this phrase suggests that it means "razzing," which refers to harassing or jesting in a teasing manner. If this is accurate, it adds a layer of humor and gallows humor to the soldiers' experiences during the war.
Evolution of the Term
Post-Crimean War, the term "biksy" found new life in the context of the British Army, particularly during their engagements in the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871). It was also used to describe various armies and their generals during World War I. However, a significant shift in the term's usage came with the publication of Alan Clark's 1961 book, "The Donkeys." Clark appropriated the term for a highly prejudiced book about Western Front offensives, leading to a new meaning and connotation for the phrase.
Further Reading and Historical Context
To delve deeper into the origins and usage of the term "biksy," historical sources are invaluable. The book "Lions Led by Donkeys" provides detailed insights into the military historian Alan Clark's interpretation and use of the term. Additionally, the article in the Newe Oder-Zeitung offers a critical perspective on the British attack during the Crimean War, setting the stage for the evolution of the term "biksy."