The Origin and Naming of the Bhagavad Gita: Historical and Linguistic Insights
The original name of the Bhagavad Gita was 'Jaya', a name that was not just a title but a powerful declaration of victory and victory in battle. Over time, it also earned the name 'Vasudeva Gita', a title that reflected the divine teachings imparted by Lord Krishna to Arjuna. It was only later, during a period of cultural conquest, that the term 'Gita' came to be associated with this profound sacred text.
The Modern Naming Convention
More recently, the text is known as Shrii-mad-bhaga-vad-giita, commonly shortened to the Shrimad Bhagavad Gita. This modern name was bestowed upon it by the British during their colonial era in India. Their strategic renaming was a part of the broader colonial project to exert cultural dominance over the colonies. By imposing a language and a naming convention, they aimed to erase and replace the rich cultural heritage of the regions under their control.
The Original Name and Its Meaning
Originally, the word 'giita' means a detailed systematic discussion, considering multiple viewpoints and guru-shiShya-parama-paraa. The original text referred to it as gidā u?tthitam (that which has come forth as a detailed discussion). This was referenced in a passage where the ancient seer Vai?ampāyana recounted to the great-grandson of Arjuna, King Janmejaya, the jaya epic, which is a smaller version of the Mahabharata. Vai?ampāyana used a method from the Guru-kula system, a technique of memorization that involved the creation of mnemonic devices, using phrases that corresponded to key points in the narrative.
The Linguistic Nuances
Understanding the difference between 'giita' and 'samvaada' is crucial for appreciating the depth of the text. 'Giita' refers to a detailed and systematic discourse that integrates various viewpoints, while 'samvaada' implies a complete speech or detailed discussion. This distinction was significant in the original name, as Shrii-mad-bhaga-vad-giita highlights the comprehensive nature of the discourse on divine eternal creation and its components.
The Cultural Context
The Bhagavad Gita is not just a song or a chant but a revelatory vision of divinity (Divyachakshu) imparted by the divine instructor, Lord Krishna. It is a profoundly philosophical and spiritual text that discusses the science of dharma, the components of karma, and the path of jnana, which is knowledge leading to true understanding.
Conclusion: The Legacy of the Bhagavad Gita
Understanding the naming of the Bhagavad Gita and its historical context enriches our appreciation of this timeless text. It is a testament to the enduring wisdom and spirituality of ancient India, and a powerful reminder of the resilience of cultural heritage in the face of colonial influences.