Syrian Refugees in Turkey: Challenges and Prospects for Return

Recent years have seen Turkey and Russia playing a significant role in the Syrian refugee situation. While the Syrian government and Assad have been instrumental in controlling the narrative, the real challenges for Syrian refugees lie in the hands of the Turkish government. This article sheds light on the obstacles faced by Syrian refugees when considering a return to Syria and the role of key figures involved.

Detention and Forced Military Service

The Syrian government in areas under its control offers a stark choice for Syrian male refugees considering return: immediate detention or forced military service. Between 2017 and 2019, our research documented numerous cases where returnees were subjected to both detention and forced conscription. The process of returning to Syria is not straightforward, and these experiences have cast a shadow over the concept of reconciliation. Detaining returnees and forcing them into military service is not merely a punishment; it also acts as a deterrent, ensuring that such individuals remain within the care of the Turkish government.

The Role of the Turkish and Syrian Governments

Interestingly, the Syrian government has not shown any significant issues with allowing refugees to return. However, the real challenge lies with the Turkish government. Turkey, which hosts the largest number of Syrian refugees per square kilometer, has leveraged these refugees as a powerful tool in its geopolitical negotiations. The Turkish government's approach involves using the Syrian refugees as a form of leverage to maintain their stance against both the United States and Russia.

Within Turkey, there is a group of politicians who have started to publicly encourage Syrian refugees to return. These efforts, however, have faced intense opposition from various quarters. Critics have accused these politicians of being racist, pointing out that other countries host significantly fewer Syrian refugees compared to Turkey. The political bloc allied with the United States and Saudi Arabia has been particularly vocal in opposing the idea of Syrian refugees returning home. Even the United Nations has become involved, pressuring Syrian refugees to sign documents that raise valid concerns about the safety and stability of Syria in the aftermath of the conflict.

Infrastructure and Future Prospects

While Turkish citizens have borne the brunt of hosting millions of Syrian refugees, Turkey itself is investing in infrastructure in the northern Syria no-fly zone. Once the war is over, those Syrians who choose to return will have the option of returning to newly constructed buildings and homes. This initiative demonstrates Turkey's commitment to ensuring a seamless transition for Syrian refugees.

However, it is important to note that the ultimate decision does not entirely rest with Assad. Russia’s role in Syria cannot be overlooked, and Vladimir Putin has significant influence over the situation. As Russia's ally and occupier of much of Syria, Putin's approval is crucial for any meaningful return of Syrian refugees.

In conclusion, the Syrian refugee situation in Turkey is complex, with political, economic, and humanitarian factors all playing a role. The future of these refugees lies not only in the hands of Assad but also in the geopolitical landscape of the region. As Turkey continues to host and support these refugees, the international community watches closely, hoping for a resolution that respects the rights and wishes of all involved.