Revisiting Gandhi’s Secularism: A Critical Analysis of His Stances and Actions

Secularism, as a principle, is often discussed in the context of Indian history, especially with regard to Mahatma Gandhi. The term often carries a dichotomy, encompassing both the diverse religious coexistence envisioned by Gandhi and the political maneuverings that may not align with traditional secular definitions. This article delves into the complex nature of Gandhi's secularism, questioning whether it aligns with the contemporary understanding of the term.

Introduction to Gandhi’s Vision of Secularism

Many scholars and enthusiasts often praise Mahatma Gandhi’s vision of a secular India, rooted in his commitment to Hindu principles and his holistic approach to social reform. However, a closer look at his actions and statements reveals a more nuanced picture. Throughout his life, Gandhi’s support of the Khilafat Movement against the secular principles of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in Turkey, and his alignment with the Khudai Khidmatgars or Red Shirts, a group loyal to the Khilafat Movement, raises questions about his commitment to secularism.

The Khilafat Movement: Gandhi’s Apparent Support

The Khilafat Movement was a significant event in early 20th-century Indian politics, driven by the Islamic revivalist movement to retain the Caliphate in Turkey under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Gandhi, though he initially stood in solidarity with his Muslim compatriots, his actions were often politically motivated. While he called for non-violent resistance to pressure the British government, his advice to Hindus to submit to the massacre without self-defense is a concerning point. This approach not only undermined Hindu sovereignty but also raised questions about his intentions and the nature of his secularism.

Support for Islam and Formation of Pakistan

Gandhi’s support for the Khilafat Movement went beyond mere solidarity. By encouraging Indian Muslims and supporting movements that sought a theocratic rule, he played a significant role in the eventual formation of Pakistan. His encouragement of Indian Muslims, particularly through the Khilafat Movement, led to communal tensions that ultimately resulted in the partition of India and the creation of a new Muslim-majority state. This aligns more with a political agenda aligned with Islamic fundamentalism rather than secular governance.

A Critique of Gandhi’s Secularism

The critique of Gandhi’s secularism also includes his ambiguous stance on various social and political issues. Gandhi, known for his self-contradictory statements, often took positions that were not universally supported. His obsession with achieving particular political objectives often clashed with principles of secularism. For instance, his involvement in whitewashing the violent Moplah rebellion in Malabar, which led to significant Hindu atrocities at the hands of Muslim fundamentalists, further diminishes his secular credentials.

Political Exemplars and Critics

Opponents of Gandhi’s secularism include early leaders of the Indian National Congress, such as Mr. Maudud Ali Jauhar. In a famous incident, Jauhar mentioned that Gandhi’s misguided views on secularism led to severe consequences. Mr. Jauhar’s statements reflect the tension and criticism faced by Gandhi’s policies from within the Congress itself, emphasizing the need for a more nuanced and comprehensive analysis of his secularism.

Conclusion: Reevaluating Gandhi’s Secularism

Revisiting Gandhi’s secularism reveals a thinker deeply influenced by his Hindu roots, but his actions often reflected political strategy over principle. His support for Muslim movements and his involvement in events leading to communal division highlight the need for a critical examination of his legacy. While his vision of a united India was noble, his practical approach to certain political issues raises questions about the true extent of his commitment to secular values.