Regulations for Owning a Cannon: Black Powder vs. Modern Ammunition
The ownership and regulations of cannons vary significantly depending on the type of cannon and where you reside. This article aims to clarify the legal requirements for owning different types of cannons in the UK and the United States, providing a comprehensive guide for potential owners.
The UK Perspective
In the United Kingdom, the regulations for owning a cannon are strict and depend on the type of cannon you have. For most individual cannons, the key factor is the barrel length and the type of propellant used.
Black Powder Cannons
In the UK, it's important to note that a cannon with a barrel over 24 inches long, an unrifled bore less than 2 inches, and fires black powder is classified as a shotgun. Consequently, you will require a shotgun certificate to own and a black powder certificate to store and use the gunpowder. This certification process can be quite involved and requires thorough documentation and background checks.
Firearms Cannons
On the other hand, larger cannons that fall under the category of firearms require a firearm certificate. This further restricts access and ownership, making the process even more stringent.
The US Perspective
In the United States, the regulatory landscape for owning a cannon is more complex and varies widely depending on the type of cannon and the state in which you reside.
Black Powder Cannons
For black powder cannons, there are no federal regulations governing them. This means that as long as you do not discharge the cannon in a public place, you are technically free to own and operate one. However, owning and using a black powder cannon may be regulated at the state or local level. It's crucial to check the specific laws in your area.
Common Issues and Precautions
One common issue is the legal status of a cannon shot containing actual black powder. Since black powder is classified as an explosive, it can only be discharged in a controlled environment for safety reasons. Storing and transporting black powder also requires specific licenses.
Modern Ammunition Howitzers
However, if the cannon uses modern ammunition, such as a howitzer that uses fixed cartridges, it falls under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). Under the National Firearms Act (NFA), you must be at least 21 years old, undergo a background check, pay a $200 tax, and have the weapon registered with the ATF.
Live Fire Protocol
Interestingly, the US Army has allowed reenactor groups to live fire solid shot at an artillery range, showcasing the historical significance and educational value of such cannons. However, the procedure is far from simple. The powder charges are typically wrapped in aluminum foil to reduce risks and ensure the safety of participants and spectators.
Historical Context
The history of cannons is rich and varied, with black powder cannons serving as a significant part of the past. In the UK, even controversial events like a cannon firing during a touchdown celebration in the 1960s required a careful and legal assessment of its status. Similarly, in America, old artillery pieces often need to be checked for residual powder or ammunition, further emphasizing the need for regulated ownership and use.
Conclusion
Regulating cannons, whether through black powder or modern ammunition, is complex and subject to various legal and safety considerations. Whether you are a historical reenactor, a collector, or simply interested in the fascinating world of cannons, it is essential to adhere to the legal requirements and guidelines in place. By doing so, you can enjoy the unique experience of owning and using a cannon while ensuring compliance with the law.