Introduction to Onions: More Versatile Than You Thought

Onions are one of our most resilient and useful garden crops. With the right knowledge and technique, developing onions from seed can yield amazing results, offering you a variety of unique varieties to choose from. Whether you're a seasoned gardener or a beginner, this guide will help you navigate the process from seed to store.

When to Develop Onions

Onions are generally considered a cool-season crop and should be planted when air temperatures are still cool. Spring is often the best time to plant onions, but if you're growing from seed, you'll need to start indoors earlier in winter. Experienced gardeners with milder winters can also plant onions in the fall for a winter harvest. Remember, onions typically require three to five months to reach a harvestable size, depending on the climate and variety.

Choosing the Right Onions

Understanding the different types of onions is crucial for successful cultivation. Bulbing onions, like red, yellow, and white, can be harvested at different stages, from green onions (also called scallions) to mature bulbs. However, thin, non-bulbing onions like shallots are more tolerant of specific light conditions. Short-day and long-day onions are named based on the number of daylight hours required for bulb formation. Short-day onions grow well in regions with 10 to 12 hours of daylight, while long-day onions prefer 14 or more hours.

How to Grow Onions from Seed, Seedlings, or Sets

There are three primary methods for growing onions: from seed, from seedlings, or by purchasing onion sets. Each method has its pros and cons. If you're growing from seed, you'll need to start indoors several months before transplanting them to the garden. Seedlings resemble small green onions and can be started indoors or purchased from a local nursery. On the other hand, onion sets are small dried young bulbs harvested the previous year that can be planted directly in the garden.

Steps for Growing Onions from Seed

1. Start Seeds Indoors: Begin onion seeds 6 to 8 weeks before the last frost date. Keep them in a place with consistent temperatures and plenty of light.

2. Transplant Seedlings: Once seedlings are strong and have several sets of true leaves, they can be transplanted to the garden. Ensure the soil is warm and that daytime temperatures are consistently above 50°F (10°C).

3. Planting in the Garden: Space onions 4 to 6 inches apart in rows, depending on the variety. For sets and seedlings, plant them about 2 inches deep and 6 inches apart in rows.

Care and Maintenance

Onions require well-draining, nutrient-rich soil and full sun. They are relatively pest-free, but common issues include onion maggots and thrips. Keep the soil consistently moist, especially during bulb formation, and apply a layer of mulch to maintain soil moisture and suppress weeds.

Harvesting and Storing Onions

Harvesting onions is straightforward. When the tops start to yellow and fall over, it's time to dig them up. Leave them in the sun for a few days to dry, then store them in a cool, dry place. Proper storage conditions can extend their shelf life for several months.

Conclusion

Mastering the art of growing onions from seed can be incredibly rewarding. Whether you're a seasoned gardener or a beginner, this guide provides the essential steps and tips to help you achieve a bountiful harvest. Don't hesitate to experiment with different varieties to find the best ones suited to your climate and garden.