Experiences of Foreigners in Germany During the Nazi Regime

Introduction

During the tumultuous period of World War II, the experiences of foreigners in Germany under Nazi rule were varied and often difficult. The experiences of one family member during the early stages of World War I, though not directly related to the Nazi era, foreshadow the challenges that lay ahead for many during the subsequent years. This article explores the journeys and fates of foreign individuals in Germany, focusing on the roles of country of origin and religion in shaping their experiences.

Personal Accounts and Historical Context

My great-uncle, a British citizen, visited Germany in 1914 with his sister and mother, who were of German origin but had married a British man in 1886. Upon the declaration of war, they attempted to cross into Switzerland, with only his sister and mother managing to do so. My great-uncle was interned by the German authorities. After the war's end in 1918, he was released, only to face the loss of a brother in the British army and his three cousins, who had fought for the German army. This personal story highlights the immediate impact of war and the arbitrary nature of internment.

Nazi Policies and Internment

The fate of foreigners during the Nazi regime depended significantly on their country of origin and religion. If a foreigner was Jewish, they faced the possibility of deportation to concentration camps or being forced to return to their home country. Non-Jewish nationals from countries with which Germany was at war were often detained in POW camps. Conversely, individuals from neutral or allied countries were usually allowed to continue their lives.

Upon closer examination, one can see the extensive Nazi policies and doctrines that influenced their treatment. Nationals of countries such as Japan, Sweden, or the United States faced varying levels of restriction and potential internment. For example, individuals had to register with the police and some were interned, particularly those of military age.

The experiences of British and French nationals were similar to other foreigners, but the discretion given to British internees suggests a certain level of consideration towards their citizens by the Nazis. However, the treatment of dark-skinned individuals and Jews was notably harsh, a testament to the racial and ethnic prejudices of the Nazi regime.

It is also worth noting that the Nazi propaganda and genetic ideology influenced their treatment of people based on perceived racial characteristics. This explains the surprising leniency shown to English and Irish individuals, who were considered part of the "Aryan" racial group despite not being German themselves. The Nazis' treatment of Ukrainians, a race considered "Caucasian," also reveals the inconsistencies in Nazi racial policies.

Conclusion

The experiences of foreigners in Germany during the Nazi period were deeply intertwined with the political and racial ideologies of the time. The varying treatments based on nationality and religion reflect the complex and often hostile environment created by the Nazi regime. By understanding these historical events, we can better appreciate the challenges faced by individuals during that era and the broader impact of historical events on people's lives.

References

British Internees in Germany - History Learning Site