Canada's Vast Expanse: Uninhabited Wilderness and Urban Concentration
Canada is a vast country, with over 80% of its landmass considered uninhabited. This extensive wilderness area, including forests, mountains, and tundra, particularly in the northern regions, makes up a significant portion of Canada's territory. As we explore the reasons behind this lack of human habitation and the population distribution, it becomes clear why such a vast majority of Canada remains untouched.
Population Distribution and Urban Concentration
According to the latest data, Canada has a population density of about 4 people per square kilometer. This figure underscores the significant land-to-population ratio, especially when considering the country’s total area of approximately 9.98 million square kilometers. The population is concentrated in urban areas, primarily along the southern border with the United States. Ninety percent of the Canadian population lives within 150 miles (about 240 kilometers) of the US border, highlighting the sparse population across much of the rest of the country.
Wilderness and Uninhabited Areas
The term 'uninhabited' does not necessarily mean completely devoid of human presence. More than 80% of Canada's land is classified as wilderness or sparsely populated. Outside of urban areas and major cities, the terrain consists of vast fields, mountains, and lakes. In the north, one encounters muskeg and tundra. The vast expanse of uninhabited land offers an immense natural environment that suits those who prefer solitude and spaciousness. As a personal observation, many journeys by road or air reveal expanses with no signs of human habitation visible for miles.
Canada's Geological Features and Climate
The northern parts of Canada, above 54.4° latitude, have a much lower population density. The total population north of 60° latitude, in the three Canadian territories (Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon), is approximately 104,000 people. North of 55.4° latitude, the population density is less than 1 person per square kilometer. This figure starkly contrasts with the southern half of Canada, where the population density is significantly higher.
Natural Barriers and Unfavorable Conditions
Many of the unpopulated areas of Canada face inherent challenges for habitation. The terrain includes swampy muskeg, vast frozen tundras, and enormous sheets of seasonal ice. The climate in these regions is extreme, with winter temperatures frequently dropping to -50°C and very limited sunlight. This harsh environment makes the North difficult to inhabit permanently.
Geopolitical Inferences
The distribution of the population in Canada is significantly influenced by both natural and man-made factors. The proximity to the United States border and the more temperate climate in the southern provinces are the main reasons for the concentration of the population in these areas. The vast amount of water and understudied land in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions have not changed significantly in terms of population density since the 1990s, when the Northwest Territories were divided into more manageable territories.
Conclusion
While it's tempting to view Canada as a vast wilderness with little or no human presence, it is important to recognize that even the uninhabited areas are full of life in various forms. The substantial landmass and the unique geographical and climatic conditions play a crucial role in determining where people choose to live. The wilderness regions, while sparsely populated, are integral to Canada's national identity and environmental heritage.