Baklava: A Culinary Heritage of Both Turks and Greeks

Baklava, a sweet pastry with layers of phyllo dough filled with chopped nuts and sweetened with syrup or honey, is a beloved dessert in both Turkish and Greek cuisines. While both nations claim ownership over this delectable treat, its rich history and complex origins suggest that baklava is a shared culinary heritage, deeply rooted in the Middle East and the Mediterranean.

Origins and Historical Records

According to historical records from the Ottoman period, baklava was first prepared in the Topkap Palace in the month of Aban in 1473. Evliya ?elebi, a famous Turkish traveler and historian, wrote about baklava in the mid-17th century. Historical references also suggest that baklava-like dishes were present in medieval texts, with similar terminology found in Old Turkish texts

The historical evidence strongly indicates that baklava's origins can be traced back to Turkish traditions, with the word 'baklava' itself having Turkish roots. The term 'bakla' appears in Old Turkish texts, and 'oklava' refers to the rolling pin used to roll out the dough, suggesting that the technique of preparing baklava is also Turkish in origin.

Role in Different Cultures

Despite its Turkish roots, baklava played a significant role in spreading across different cultures. The Ottoman Empire, which stretched across Southeast Europe, the Middle East, and parts of North Africa, played a crucial role in refining and popularizing the dish. This spread is evident in the culinary traditions of countries such as Uzbekistan, where pakhlava is a sweet pastry made with 10-12 layers of dough, and in Tatar cuisine, where yoka, a similar pastry, is also found.

Turkish Claim

Lots of historians and culinary experts support the claim that modern baklava developed in the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans were known for their sophisticated court cuisine and their influence on the spread of baklava is well-documented. The dish was served to the Janissaries on the 15th day of Ramadan during a special ceremony called the ‘Baklava Procession’. Furthermore, early references to baklava in Turkish literature, such as the Camiül-Fürs in 1501 and a mention by Evliya ?elebi in 1665, further support the Turkish claim.

Greek Claim

While the Turkish claim is supported by historical evidence, Greeks also have a strong cultural connection to baklava. Baklava is a beloved dessert in Greek cuisine and has been a staple for centuries. Greeks often emphasize the unique variations and cultural significance of their baklava, which often includes the addition of citrus fruits and different nuts, such as pistachios and walnuts.

Shared Heritage and Cultural Exchange

Ultimately, baklava is a shared dish with variations across different cultures. The rich history of baklava reflects the culinary exchanges that have occurred in the region over centuries. As a result, it is difficult to attribute baklava solely to one nationality. Instead, it is more accurate to view baklava as a shared culinary legacy that has been influenced by various cultural traditions and is enjoyed by people from multiple nationalities.

The spread and adaptation of baklava across different cultures illustrate the interconnectedness of Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines. The longevity and diversity of baklava speak to its enduring appeal and the cultural significance it holds in both Turkish and Greek culinary traditions.